Russia is located in the north of Eurasia, occupies about a third of its territory (31.5%). Extreme northern and eastern point of the mainland are both extremities of Russia. The country is in two parts of the world and occupies the eastern sector of Europe and northern Asia. Russia is washed by three oceans: the Atlantic, Arctic and Pacific. boundary between Europe and Asia within Russia held in the Ural mountains and along the Kuma-Manych Depression. To Europe is only slightly more than one fifth the area of the country (about 22%). It is often under European Russia mean all the territory lying west of the Ural Mountains (about 23% of the area). In any case, the share of the Asian part of Russia accounts for over three quarters of the country. After Wrangel Island and Chukotka is the 180th meridian, therefore, the eastern edge of Russia lies in the Western Hemisphere. The geographical center of Russia located in the Krasnoyarsk Territory, Evenk Autonomous District on Lake Vivi. In Tuva, near Kyzyl, the center of Asia. Russian Federation is the largest in size of territory by the state of the world, the area of the country is 17 million 75 thousand 400 km2 (one-eighth part of the world). Area of Russia is 1.7 times larger than that of Europe and 1.8 times the area of the U.S., at 2 times the size of China's and 29 times that of the largest European state - Ukraine.

The northernmost point of the extreme northern point of mainland Russia is far above the Arctic Circle on the Chelyuskin Cape (77 ° 43 'N). Chelyuskin Cape, which is the northernmost point of the Taimyr Peninsula and the mainland Eurasia, man first reached in 1742. Then the team headed by Semyon Chelyuskin Cape called East-North. She was part of the Great Northern Expedition, which was approved by the Admiralty Board, believes that it is necessary to investigate in detail the north of Russia from Pechora to Chukotka and make the description of those places. In honor of the seeds Chelyuskin, polar explorer and researcher of the Russian North, Cape named already in 1842, marking the centenary of his expedition. Track Log Chelyuskin, in which he shares his impressions of his journey by dog sled, hard way he has done with his friends, and their arrival at the Cape, is still kept in St. Petersburg, in the archives of the Navy. most northern point of the Taimyr Peninsula is different harsh climate. Winter is here year-round, snow practically melts and the temperature in July and August is typically less than 1 C °.second person present at this cape, became a geologist and geographer from Sweden Nils Nordenskiöld. The third was the Norwegian Fridtjof Nansen, who 9 September 1893 sailed past Cape Chelyuskin a strong snow storm on the ship "Fram". The station is called radiometeorological center, where they overwinter from 8 to 10 people. Built a number of residential and academic halls. Some of the buildings abandoned and are not exploited. It is also the most northern airport and continental Eurasia "Cape Chelyuskin" which served Khatanga combined airline. From the airport there was only a heliport, operated by the military. In 1932, the Cape was undeveloped polar station, which was later added to the observatory. Now the station moved to the status of the weather. It always winter about 10 people. Communication with the mainland and civilization provides airfield "Cape Chelyuskin" with a helipad. And another point of the island: Cape Fligely on Rudolf Island in the archipelago of Franz Josef Land is located further north - 81 ° 49 'N, the distance from Cape Fligely to the North Pole is only 900 km. Rudolf Island - the northernmost island of the Earth Franz Josef. The wings on the island of the Cape - the northernmost point of land, owned by the Russian Federation, while the northernmost point of Europe.The island belongs administratively Arkhangelsk region. Area of 297 km ². Almost completely covered by a glacier. The island, like the rest of the archipelago of Franz Josef Land, opened in 1873 by the Austro-Hungarian expedition explorer J. Payer, was named Rudolf, Crown Prince of Austria. In 1936, the island base was established the first Soviet air expedition to the North Pole. From there in May 1937, four heavy four-ANT-6 papanintsev brought to the top of the world. Meteorological station on Rudolf Island was opened in August 1932 as part of the Second International Polar Year. The first winter were four men led by N.F.Balabinym. A year later, the station was mothballed, and re-work will continue in the summer of 1936. Originally, the station was equipped as a base for air expedition in 1937 to the North Pole. Near the station and at the ice dome of the island were equipped airfields. In the period from April 1942 to 1947 - was suspended again. The last period of 1947-1995 years. southern point on the first version of the southernmost point is located south-west of Mount Bazardyuzyu in the eastern part of the Main, or Water, the Greater Caucasus mountain range, on the border of Dagestan and Azerbaijan. Latitude point is 41 ° 11 'N The distance between the extreme north and south points above 40 ° in longitude, and the northern point of the mainland away from the South to 36,5 °. This is slightly more than four thousand miles. All references indicated - Bazardyuzyu (4 * 466 m) - the highest of the mountains of Dagestan and neighboring Azerbaijan. 41 ° 13'16 "with. sh. 47 ° 51'29 "to. etc. But there is another version: Extreme Southern bend border between Russia and Azerbaijan is a few kilometers to the south-west of the peak Bazardyuzyu. The southern part of Russia is closer Ragdan Mountain (41 ° 12 'N) A village Kurush most southern town .... The top left - Bazardyuzyu right - Ragdan

Usuhchaya valley is unique in the possession of the adjectives "most", "most", "the most." Here is the easternmost glacier Dagestan - Tihitsar. And the southernmost glacier in Dagestan and Russia - Charyn also lies in the basin. Near the glacier towering mountain Charyn Ragdan - the southernmost point of the Russian Federation. One of the most extensive and high rock walls of the Caucasus is Erydag Western Wall - the pride of our climbers stenolazov. Finally, the highest peak of Dagestan - Bazardyuzyu (4466 m) is also adjacent to the valley Usuhchaya. It may be noted another natural phenomenon Valley. From the crest of Erydag breaks down to a depth of 300 meters Charaur waterfall, the highest in Dagestan.
The southern part of Russia is closer Ragdan Mountain (41 ° 12 'N), but it can be found only on large-scale maps. Such a length from north to south in conjunction with the latitudinal position determines the uneven flow of heat to the surface of the country and the formation of it within three climatic zones (arctic, subarctic and temperate) and ten natural areas (from arctic deserts to temperate desert). The main part of the Russian territory is between 70 and 50 ° N. About 20% of the territory lies above the Arctic Circle. The area in the north of 10 million km2, in this respect, may be used only analogue Canada. extreme western point of the westernmost point of Russia is located in the Kaliningrad region on the sandy Baltic Spit Gdansk Bay of the Baltic Sea at 19 ° 38 '30 "E. But due so that the Kaliningrad region is separated from the rest of the area of Russia the territory of other states and is an enclave, the extreme western point turned into a kind of "island" point. Cape Dezhnev, one of the most brutal places Chukchi Peninsula. Here the rocks are piled on one another, often fog and strong wind blows constantly. From this point to the extreme western point of America - Cape Prince of Wales - 86 miles. Despite the remoteness from civilization, they often have attractions. Lighthouse named Semyon Dezhnev and ancient cross, installed next to an abandoned whaling village XVIII-XX centuries - Naukan (it was disbanded during the Soviet era). However, those who get into those places, going to look at the unique fauna: there are numerous bird colonies have walrus and seals haul out in the spring you can see polar bears with cubs.Sometimes quite close to the shore swim orcas and gray whales.
Semyon Dezhnev in 1648 rounded the Chukchi Peninsula in the north, and proved that from Europe to China, and can be reached through the North Sea. He is 80 years before Vitus Bering passed through the strait that separates America from Eurasia, but about Russian pioneers in the Old World, while little is known. Therefore glory went to Bering. However, in 1879, restoring justice, Swedish Arctic explorer Nils Nordenskiöld called the easternmost point of Eurasia - Cape Dezhnev named Russian navigator. Prior to that time was called the Eastern Cape. Getting there: The nearest village Whalen is located 10 kilometers from Cape Dezhnev, and the nearest airport is located in Providence Bay, where the planes fly from Anadyr. West (big) - island Ratmanov

Island - as a gable roof with a large flatter northern slope. From south to north, as if its deflections in the middle, flowing river with muddy banks, and closer to the raised edges begin placer bare rocks and bizarre outliers. Southern slope smaller but steeper. Outcrops on it numerous and steep banks above. The joints of both slopes form small ridge, the highest point of which is called - Roof Mount. The island occupies a key position on the border of Asia and North America and the two oceans - the Pacific and the Arctic. With a view a huge water area. For tens of kilometers to the west, north and east easy to trace the movements of marine animals and migration of birds. lived on the islands of daring mariners Eskimos inupik. They walked through the barter of Asian and American Eskimos, they were at the center of all the events of the Northern Bering Sea and creating their own culture, much of the perceived cultural, already existed on both continents. In 1948, the beginning of the Cold War between the Soviet Union and the United States have settled the island to the mainland. Island Ratmanovaimeet irregular shape (length of about 9 km in width - 5 km) and an area of about 10 square meters. km, it is essentially a big rock with a flat top. It is only 4 km 160 m is the island Krusen (formerly Little Diomede), an area of about 5 square meters. km, which is owned by the United States. Immediately there is a rock Fairway. Name Diomede gave this archipelago Vitus Bering, who on the boat "St. Gabriel" came to the big island August 16, 1728 the day of St. Diomede. But even before this name Ratmanov island already had a name - Imaklik (translated from the Eskimo - "surrounded by water"), which gave him the Eskimos, who lived in it for more than two thousand years. By the way, the island Krusen (formerly Little Diomede) Ingalik called Eskimos, which means "the opposite." History is to give the name of the island is Ratmanov. In 1816, the famous explorer Otto von Kotzebue, exploring the Bering Strait, mistakenly counted in the archipelago Diomede not three (as marked on the map since 1732), and the four islands. "Newly discovered" the island, he decided to give the name of a colleague - a naval officer Makar Ratmanova, which participated in the world expedition several years earlier. When an error is detected, decided to leave the name Ratmanov map, and from the middle of the nineteenth century Great Diomede has changed its name. Now the island is Ratmanov Russian frontier. The island has Krusen village with a population of 600. Between these islands is a Russian-American border, and international Date Line. To get to the island Ratmanov not just difficult, but daunting. And not just because it is in fact the state border, but also the weather conditions - 300 days a year, the island is shrouded in thick fog. Shortest Path: from Anadyr helicopter through St. Lawrence. But it is only after obtaining permission from SVRPU. But it's worth it! distance between the western and eastern border regions of Russia is 171 ° 20 ', or nearly 10 thousand kilometers. With vast stretches of territory from west to east to vary the degree of continental climate, which leads to the manifestation of a change in the nature of sector. Within the Russian Federation there are 10 time zones. Russia is the highest point of Mount Elbrus (5,642 m), located in the Karachay-Cherkess Republic on the border with the Kabardino-Balkar Republic. The lowest altitude is marked on the Caspian basin (- 28 m).